Comunicación y Medios

"Spain is different": cultural resignifying of national identity in Drag Race España

2024-07-19T11:19:46+00:00

This article explores the cultural reinterpretation of Spanish national identity through drag by conducting a textual analysis of the third season of the “Drag Race España” TV show (broadcast since 2021 on Atresplayer Premium). Intertextual references from different fields are considered, from gastronomic (ham) to historical figures (Juan Carlos I). In this way, the show subverts the traditional symbols that make up Spain's national identity and gives new cultural interpretations to trivial nationalism’s key features. In addition, the analysis delves into other cultural elements of Spain, such as television shows, LGTBIQ+ celebrities, and artists who are part of pop culture. The reality show subverts the elements related to a stereotypical image of Spain (bull), giving them a new meaning and creating a new chain of meaning.

Cultural policies, job insecurity and digitalisation in the performing arts of London and Buenos Aires

2024-05-14T13:52:07+00:00

In this article we analyse independent workers’ experiences of the pandemic in the performing arts (music, theater, opera, dance and circus). Through qualitative research with 73 self-employed artists in London and Buenos Aires, we examine problems concerning working conditions, the relationship with new technologies, the future of the sector and the demands for post-pandemic cultural policies. The comparative perspective of the research allowed us to see that the precarious nature of cultural work was experienced, in many aspects, in a similar way in such different cities. However, while in the UK artists demanded greater financial support for freelancers, alongside work visas and regulations for streaming platforms; in Argentina, digital training and better access to digital infrastructure was needed, as well as greater logistical and financial support.

Breaking News! A methodological framework for studying online news hierarchy

2024-09-13T07:39:02+00:00

Under the framework of agenda setting, this article offers a methodological instrument that operationalizes the concept of media salience from a digital perspective. Specifically, the study situates itself within the online journalistic content’s order and focuses on news hierarchy as one of the aspects considered for studying media salience. Accordingly, the paper presents an analytical matrix organized into two families of formal variables. To illustrate its application, we show the results of its performance through a quantitative content analysis conducted on a corpus of 449 news articles related to the 2019 Argentine elections.The findings allow us to validate some variables, while discarding some others in order to refine the instrument. The matrix developed and showcased in this paper aims to fuel further research that may add new sets of indicators considering the more appropriate features of each case study.

“Vendepatria” and “Anti Vaccine”: Opinocracy and disinformation on WhatsApp in the 2023 constitutional process in Chile

2024-04-26T22:43:28+00:00

This study examines the circulation of political information and disinformation in 214 public WhatsApp groups during the 2023 electoral campaign for the election of the constitutional council in Chile. Computational and content analysis methods were applied to quantify the proportion of different types of political information that circulated in the groups: creative, disinformation, uncivil, information, mobilization and opinion. A significant asymmetry in activity was identified between progressive and conservative groups, with the latter presenting habits more related to information disorders. The findings thus suggest a strong tendency for users with values aligned with the political right to spread conspiracy theories and false facts, mixing politics and health; national with international. Progressive groups, in comparison, show a more informative activity while conservatives display a tendency to privilege opinion content. It highlights the importance of investigating closed digital environments and disinformation in contexts that make verification and public scrutiny difficult.

Disaster narratives on Instagram: How the editorial focus connects with audiences in Chile

2024-06-20T17:08:22+00:00

People's need for information increases in the face of highly relevant news, such as socio-natural disasters. Social networks have become one of the preferred sources of information over traditional media. However, different ways of presenting content can be received differently by audiences. Based on the case study of the floods that affected central Chile in June and August 2023, this paper explores how the editorial focus (understood as a strong idea that confers a specific intention to the visual narrative) of the publications in Instagram accounts of eleven Chilean media outlets is related to the emotional tone and relevance to the news of the comments made by the public. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, it stands out as a finding that publications with a complementary and redundant editorial focus are those that generate more comments from the public.

The role of video games in developing civic and ethical skills in Mexico: the case of This War of Mine

2024-09-27T10:55:46+00:00

The article analyzes citizen practices by simulating civic and ethical dilemmas through the video game This War of Mine, to determine whether the actions and decision-making of players correspond to their self-perception of their civic role. Using a mixed methodology, the study carries out self-attribution questionnaires at three levels of civic commitment (Westeymer and Kahne, 2004): personally responsible citizenship (PR), participatory citizenship (P) and justice-oriented citizenship (OJ). The game experience and decision-making of 24 university students are then analyzed. The results show actions consistent with the personally responsible and participatory profiles, while in the justice-oriented profiles, discrepancies were identified between their characteristics and the actions carried out. In conclusion, the video game manages to create learning about the ethical implications in current global crisis situations, by having an immersive decision-making experience.

Workout routines in 20th century chilean magazines: Visual pedagogy for young women

2024-10-15T12:38:58+00:00

This article analyzes images of workout routines that appeared in 8 Chilean women's and youth magazines between 1936 and 1996, and examines the meanings of their representation of physical culture, sports, women and youth. The illustrated magazines and their images spread rapidly in the western world, and thus made possible sports and physical care practices as well as became a learning strategy regarding the body and the authorized contours of female physical culture. This qualitative research investigated the representations and discourses that the exercise routine promoted for almost a century, and in the light of the analysis it is possible to argue that such image is part of the iconographies of modern sport, reproducing ideas about spatiality and exercise for young women thanks to the enormous pedagogical potential of its sequential logic.

"El periodismo cortesano. Prensa y sociedad en el Chile del Siglo XXI" de Eduardo Santa Cruz

2024-12-13T13:08:06+00:00

El periodismo cortesano es un libro que aterriza la mirada del profesor Eduardo Santa Cruz sobre la historia del periodismo en Chile y las transformaciones que experimentó la profesión durante el siglo XXI. En esencia, este libro propone una historia de la conformación y las transformaciones de las noticias como producto del proceso de producción de estas últimas y el rol del periodismo y de la industria periodística en relación con las mutaciones de la sociedad chilena hasta los tiempos digitales. Plantea la siguiente e incómoda pregunta —más aún si la formulamos desde las escuelas de periodismo—: ¿Sigue existiendo lo que llamamos “noticia” y “periodismo”?

"Estética y semiótica del cine: hacia una teoría paradigmática" de Lauro Zavala

2024-07-22T06:56:15+00:00

En una prosa amena y disfrutable, a la vez que con rigor académico, de interés tanto para el espectador especializado como para el cinéfilo casual, Lauro Zavala presenta Estética y Semiótica del Cine. Hacia una teoría paradigmática. El texto plasma un potente modelo teórico, producto de un largo trabajo de investigación, para guiar el proceso de análisis cinematográfico y apoyar el trabajo docente. En él se propone un modelo paradigmático que contribuya a una mejor apreciación de una producción simbólica, como la cinematográfica, al identificar sus rasgos formales en términos de tres grandes paradigmas: clásico, moderno y posmoderno.

"Frente al poder. Trump, Bezos y el Washington Post" de Martin Baron

2024-12-13T13:25:28+00:00

A diferencia de muchos de sus colegas reputados, Martin “Marty” Baron (Tampa, Florida, 1954) no es un periodista conocido por sus libros. De hecho, vino a publicar el primero cuando se acercaba a la setentena y jubilado ya de la profesión. Es más, si de conocimiento público se tratara en su caso, éste se debe más a la película ganadora del Oscar Spotlight (2015) en la cual lo encarna el actor Liev Schrieber.

“Desde el periodismo pude desenterrar el terror”

2024-12-21T14:31:15+00:00

Sonó mi teléfono…estaba en una reunión de trabajo. “Lo felicito, usted obtuvo el Premio a su Trayectoria como periodista…” Me quedé en silencio un momento. Entonces me fui directo al Muro. Ese Muro que amé y odié y que un día pasó a ser parte de la nostalgia en la distancia. Ese Muro protegió mi regreso… impidió que las ansias del retorno volaran por encima de sus alambradas. Caminando cerca de esa Muralla, una tarde tomé la decisión: Tengo que volver… y el regreso será definitivo. Pero estoy en esa maldita lista… prohibido. Entonces, hay que iniciar ese combate. Lo intenté tres veces. Hans Betzhold era el cónsul de Chile en Berlín Occidental de la Alemania Federal donde vivía mi destierro. Vivíamos la Guerra Fría. Ahí no más, en Checkpoint Charlie…en el Glienicke Brücke, para el intercambio de espías.

The sanitized memory

2024-12-22T14:38:35+00:00

López Awad and Pérez Alveal recently graduated as journalists from Adolfo Ibáñez University, and part of that work evolved into Carmelo: Killing the Same Man Twice (Ceibo Editions, 2023). This text is a revised and edited version of the speech the authors gave at the ceremony where they received the "José Carrasco Tapia Freedom of Expression Award" for the best book of the year, granted by the School of Journalism at the University of Chile. According to the jury, López and Pérez's book stands out "for the quality of its journalistic investigation, the use of a diversity of sources, the high regard for structure, the narrative quality of the text, and its challenge to justice and power on such fundamental issues as human rights."

¿De democracias fatigadas a resilientes?: Los desafíos pendientes de la comunicación en América Latina

2024-12-30T11:01:59+00:00

Esta es nuestra edición número 50. Desde su fundación en 1981, Comunicación y Medios no solo ha elaborado un proyecto editorial con rigor y compromiso académico, sino que, también, ha mantenido un compromiso ético-analítico por entender y abordar desde diversas metodologías y aproximaciones teóricas y epistemológicas los fenómenos que experimentan la sociedad chilena y el mundo contemporáneo. En estos 43 años hemos publicado estudios, ensayos, documentos y reseñas que han aportado tanto a su momento histórico como al presente: hoy constituyen un archivo intelectual y cultural que permite establecer una distancia crítica con el pasado, pero, al mismo tiempo, contribuye a imaginar escenarios para futuros posibles.